{"id":2672,"date":"2023-03-16T19:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-03-17T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rbcwealthmanagement.com\/en-ca\/insights\/could-struggling-banks-drag-down-the-economy\/"},"modified":"2024-02-05T09:08:42","modified_gmt":"2024-02-05T14:08:42","slug":"could-struggling-banks-drag-down-the-economy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rbcwealthmanagement.com\/en-ca\/insights\/could-struggling-banks-drag-down-the-economy","title":{"rendered":"Could struggling banks drag down the economy?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>       When an extreme event impacts the financial system or a major economy\u2014like       the       <a href=\"\/insights\/silicon-valley-bank-collapse-reverberations-and-reactions\" title=\"Silicon Valley Bank collapse: Reverberations and reactions\">collapse of SVB Financial<\/a>, which has jolted the U.S. regional banking system and weighed on equity       markets worldwide\u2014it usually takes markets more than just a few days to       work through it. Knock-on effects and volatility can occur over weeks or       months.     <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>       An example of an early knock-on effect during this period is the turmoil       at Swiss financial institution Credit Suisse, a major global bank and       investment firm.     <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>       Some of the internal problems at Credit Suisse have been known by market       participants for a long time, as evidenced by the fact that its equity       shares have been under pressure since early 2021, and especially in the       past year. After stress in the U.S. regional banking system surfaced and       shook many bank stocks and bonds in the U.S. and Europe, the situation at       Credit Suisse deteriorated more, triggering a further selloff in bank       stocks and equity markets worldwide. Questions about Credit Suisse\u2019s       viability became so acute that on Wednesday Switzerland\u2019s central bank       pledged to provide liquidity if needed, and subsequently granted the firm       a roughly US$54 billion line of credit.     <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>       Until this period of stress on the U.S. and global financial systems       passes, we can\u2019t rule out more knock-on effects\u2014perhaps in other European       or U.S. financial institutions, or among global hedge funds.     <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>       While central banks, financial regulators, and government agencies have       shown they are ready to respond quickly to additional problems, there       could be more equity market volatility or downside if other pressures       surface.     <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-this-didn-t-happen-overnight\">This didn\u2019t happen overnight<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>What are the causes of the current financial system stress?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>       In our view, bad decisions by management teams and corporate boards of       troubled firms are one obvious cause. The role of lax and\/or inappropriate       financial industry regulatory standards and missteps by regulators, along       with related misguided decisions by lawmakers, should not be understated       either.     <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>       While management decisions and regulatory shortcomings are important       factors, we can\u2019t give the Federal Reserve\u2019s monetary policymakers a pass.     <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>       During the COVID-19 crisis, the Fed flooded the U.S. financial system (and       thereby the global financial system) with liquidity by cutting its       already-low overnight interest rate from 1.75 percent to 0.25 percent and       more than doubling the assets on its balance sheet through quantitative       easing. This happened at the same time the U.S. federal government was       handing out trillions of dollars to support the economy.     <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>       Then, when the pandemic had passed and inflation was starting to heat up,       the Fed shifted policy in the opposite direction, embarking on an       unprecedented campaign of interest rate hikes. In just the past year, the       Fed has raised its benchmark rate from 0.25 percent to 4.75 percent, the       highest level since 2007. It has also trimmed the assets on its balance       sheet by about seven percent through quantitative tightening.     <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>       According to RBC Capital Markets, LLC\u2019s Chief U.S. Economist Tom Porcelli,       the tightening cycle wouldn\u2019t have needed to be so aggressive had the Fed       started raising rates earlier, when inflation warning signs first emerged,       and then backed off when inflation data began to improve recently.     <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>       Following the Fed\u2019s aggressive moves and the associated extreme volatility       in the Treasury market, outsized unrealized losses now sit in financial       institutions\u2019 bond portfolios. This has been challenging for some       less-liquid regional banks to navigate, although the situation has       improved since the Fed, U.S. Treasury, and FDIC implemented their       emergency measures last Sunday.     <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>       In our view, the fallout from all of this could force the Fed to pause its       rate hike cycle and quantitative tightening sooner rather than later,       despite the fact there are not yet clear signs of when inflation will       decline to the central bank\u2019s two percent target. The Fed\u2019s upcoming       policy announcement and Chair Jerome Powell\u2019s press conference on March 22       could be the most anticipated in years.     <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-economic-activity-could-take-a-hit\">Economic activity could take a hit<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>       We think the financial system stress and its knock-on effects mean a U.S.       recession is now more likely, and the timing of the economic contraction       could be pulled forward.     <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>       We have been warning of elevated recession risks for a number of months,       given that three of the seven leading economic indicators in our U.S.       Recession Scorecard have been flashing red, and two others are moving in       that direction.     <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>       With just two exceptions, every U.S. recession for more than a hundred       years has been triggered by the arrival of tight monetary conditions in       the form of prohibitively high interest rates (which the regional bank       stress is signaling has already occurred) and aggressive tightening of       lending standards by banks (which could be imminent, given the mounting       pressures within the system).     <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>       Now that investor sentiment has been dented, we anticipate the households       that are most flush with cash could become more cautious about spending.       This, combined with tighter lending standards that affect both households       and businesses, should weigh on economic activity.     <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-market-looks-down-the-road\">The market looks down the road<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>       But even if a recession begins sometime this year, we believe the market       has already gone a long way toward pricing it in ahead of time\u2014as it       usually does. The S&amp;P 500 is down 19 percent from its all-time high in       early 2022. In the past 13 recessions, the market declined 31.8 percent       from peak to trough, on average.     <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>       Long-term investors should also note that the equity market tends to       bottom before recessions end. This occurred in 12 of the last 13       recessions since the late 1930s. Of those 12 periods, the S&amp;P 500       Index reached its low point 4.8 months before the economic clouds lifted,       on average.     <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-u-s-equity-market-behaviour-during-recessions\">U.S. equity market behaviour during recessions<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"table-responsive\">\n<table class=\"table table-compact table-border-horizontal table-primary table-border-header mb-1-half\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\">Recession dates<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: center; max-width: 150px\" scope=\"col\">               Recession length (months)             <\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: center; max-width: 170px\" scope=\"col\">               Did the S&amp;P 500 bottom before the recession ended?             <\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: center; max-width: 170px\" scope=\"col\">               No. of months from market bottom to end of recession             <\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>May 1937 \u2013 June 1938<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">14<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">Yes<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">3.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nov. 1948 \u2013 Oct. 1949<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">12<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">Yes<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">5.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>July 1953 \u2013 May 1954<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">11<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">Yes<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">9.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Aug. 1957 \u2013 April 1958<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">9<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">Yes<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">5.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>April 1960 \u2013 Feb. 1961<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">11<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">Yes<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">4.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Dec. 1969 \u2013 Nov. 1970<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">12<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">Yes<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">6.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nov. 1973 \u2013 March 1975<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">17<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">Yes<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">6.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Jan. 1980 \u2013 July 1980<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">7<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">Yes<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">4.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>July 1981 \u2013 Nov. 1982<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">17<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">Yes<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">4.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>July 1990 \u2013 March 1991<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">9<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">Yes<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">6.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>March 2001 \u2013 Nov. 2001<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">9<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">No<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">NA*<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Dec. 2007 \u2013 June 2009<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">19<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">Yes<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">4.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Feb. 2020 \u2013 April 2020<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">3<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">Yes<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">1.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"font-weight: bold\">Average<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; font-weight: bold\">11.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; font-weight: bold\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; font-weight: bold\">4.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>       Notes: The 1945 recession is excluded as there was no clear stock market       pullback around it. <br>       *The market didn\u2019t bottom until 10 months after the recession ended; this       data is not included in the average calculated for this column.     <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>       Source &#8211; RBC Capital Markets U.S. Equity Strategy, Haver Analytics, RBC       Wealth Management     <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>       Furthermore, an eventual shift in Fed policy could support the market over       time. Historical data show there has often been downside risk to the       S&amp;P 500 right before the Fed paused its rate hike cycle, but strong       gains typically occurred in the months afterwards. In the periods before       and after the Fed\u2019s first rate cut, stocks typically rose, including at an       above-average rate six months later.     <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-historical-u-s-market-performance-when-fed-policy-shifts\">Historical U.S. market performance when Fed policy shifts<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-before-and-after-the-final-rate-hike-in-a-fed-tightening-cycle-downside-risk-right-before-the-fed-pauses-but-typically-strong-gains-afterwards\">       Before and after the final rate hike in a Fed tightening cycle: Downside       risk right before the Fed pauses, but typically strong gains afterwards     <\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"table-responsive mb-3\">\n<table class=\"table table-compact table-border-horizontal table-primary table-border-header\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th rowspan=\"2\">               S&amp;P 500 performance <br>               Final Fed rate hike             <\/th>\n<th scope=\"colgroup\" colspan=\"3\" style=\"text-align: center; border-right: 8px solid #e3f4ff\">               Before final rate hike             <\/th>\n<th scope=\"colgroup\" colspan=\"3\" style=\"text-align: center\">               After final rate hike             <\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"text-align: center\">               6 months             <\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"text-align: center\">               3 months             <\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"text-align: center\">               1 month             <\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"text-align: center\">               1 month             <\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"text-align: center\">               3 months             <\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"text-align: center\">               6 months             <\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Median 1970\u20131979<\/td>\n<td class=\"b-warm-red-tint-2\" style=\"text-align: center\">               -1.0%             <\/td>\n<td class=\"b-warm-red-tint-2\" style=\"text-align: center\">               -2.5%             <\/td>\n<td class=\"b-warm-red-tint-2\" style=\"text-align: center\">               -4.5%             <\/td>\n<td class=\"b-apple-tint-2\" style=\"text-align: center\">               2.6%             <\/td>\n<td class=\"b-warm-red-tint-2\" style=\"text-align: center\">               -4.4%             <\/td>\n<td class=\"b-apple-tint-2\" style=\"text-align: center\">               2.8%             <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Median 1980\u20131989<\/td>\n<td class=\"b-apple-tint-2\" style=\"text-align: center\">               9.0%             <\/td>\n<td class=\"b-apple-tint-2\" style=\"text-align: center\">               7.3%             <\/td>\n<td class=\"b-warm-red-tint-2\" style=\"text-align: center\">               -0.5%             <\/td>\n<td class=\"b-apple-tint-2\" style=\"text-align: center\">               1.2%             <\/td>\n<td class=\"b-apple-tint-2\" style=\"text-align: center\">               1.4%             <\/td>\n<td class=\"b-apple-tint-2\" style=\"text-align: center\">               8.0%             <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Median 1990\u20132018<\/td>\n<td class=\"b-apple-tint-2\" style=\"text-align: center\">               2.4%             <\/td>\n<td class=\"b-apple-tint-2\" style=\"text-align: center\">               2.3%             <\/td>\n<td class=\"b-apple-tint-2\" style=\"text-align: center\">               1.0%             <\/td>\n<td class=\"b-apple-tint-2\" style=\"text-align: center\">               0.6%             <\/td>\n<td class=\"b-apple-tint-2\" style=\"text-align: center\">               7.2%             <\/td>\n<td class=\"b-apple-tint-2\" style=\"text-align: center\">               13.3%             <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"font-weight: bold\">Median since 1970<\/td>\n<td class=\"b-apple-tint-2\" style=\"text-align: center; font-weight: bold\">               2.9%             <\/td>\n<td class=\"b-apple-tint-2\" style=\"text-align: center; font-weight: bold\">               0.5%             <\/td>\n<td class=\"b-warm-red-tint-2\" style=\"text-align: center; font-weight: bold\">               -0.7%             <\/td>\n<td class=\"b-apple-tint-2\" style=\"text-align: center; font-weight: bold\">               1.0%             <\/td>\n<td class=\"b-apple-tint-2\" style=\"text-align: center; font-weight: bold\">               1.7%             <\/td>\n<td class=\"b-apple-tint-2\" style=\"text-align: center; font-weight: bold\">               5.9%             <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-before-and-after-first-rate-cut-in-a-fed-loosening-cycle-stocks-typically-rise-including-at-an-above-average-rate-six-months-later\">       Before and after first rate cut in a Fed loosening cycle: Stocks typically       rise, including at an above-average rate six months later     <\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"table-responsive mb-2\">\n<table class=\"table table-compact table-border-horizontal table-primary table-border-header\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th rowspan=\"2\">               S&amp;P 500 performance <br>               First Fed rate cut             <\/th>\n<th scope=\"colgroup\" colspan=\"3\" style=\"text-align: center; border-right: 8px solid #e3f4ff\">               Before first rate cut             <\/th>\n<th scope=\"colgroup\" colspan=\"3\" style=\"text-align: center\">               After first rate cut             <\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"text-align: center\">               6 months             <\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"text-align: center\">               3 months             <\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"text-align: center\">               1 month             <\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"text-align: center\">               1 month             <\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"text-align: center\">               3 months             <\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\" style=\"text-align: center\">               6 months             <\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Median 1970\u20131979<\/td>\n<td class=\"b-apple-tint-2\" style=\"text-align: center\">               0.1%             <\/td>\n<td class=\"b-warm-red-tint-2\" style=\"text-align: center\">               -0.1%             <\/td>\n<td class=\"b-warm-red-tint-2\" style=\"text-align: center\">               -0.2%             <\/td>\n<td class=\"b-apple-tint-2\" style=\"text-align: center\">               1.2%             <\/td>\n<td class=\"b-apple-tint-2\" style=\"text-align: center\">               9.6%             <\/td>\n<td class=\"b-apple-tint-2\" style=\"text-align: center\">               8.5%             <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Median 1980\u20131989<\/td>\n<td class=\"b-apple-tint-2\" style=\"text-align: center\">               7.1%             <\/td>\n<td class=\"b-apple-tint-2\" style=\"text-align: center\">               4.5%             <\/td>\n<td class=\"b-apple-tint-2\" style=\"text-align: center\">               1.9%             <\/td>\n<td class=\"b-warm-red-tint-2\" style=\"text-align: center\">               -0.2%             <\/td>\n<td class=\"b-apple-tint-2\" style=\"text-align: center\">               7.5%             <\/td>\n<td class=\"b-apple-tint-2\" style=\"text-align: center\">               10.0%             <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Median 1990\u20132020<\/td>\n<td class=\"b-apple-tint-2\" style=\"text-align: center\">               5.9%             <\/td>\n<td class=\"b-apple-tint-2\" style=\"text-align: center\">               0.5%             <\/td>\n<td class=\"b-apple-tint-2\" style=\"text-align: center\">               1.7%             <\/td>\n<td class=\"b-apple-tint-2\" style=\"text-align: center\">               0.1%             <\/td>\n<td class=\"b-apple-tint-2\" style=\"text-align: center\">               1.7%             <\/td>\n<td class=\"b-apple-tint-2\" style=\"text-align: center\">               8.8%             <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"font-weight: bold\">Median since 1970<\/td>\n<td class=\"b-apple-tint-2\" style=\"text-align: center; font-weight: bold\">               5.7%             <\/td>\n<td class=\"b-apple-tint-2\" style=\"text-align: center; font-weight: bold\">               1.3%             <\/td>\n<td class=\"b-apple-tint-2\" style=\"text-align: center; font-weight: bold\">               1.2%             <\/td>\n<td class=\"b-apple-tint-2\" style=\"text-align: center; font-weight: bold\">               0.1%             <\/td>\n<td class=\"b-apple-tint-2\" style=\"text-align: center; font-weight: bold\">               4.2%             <\/td>\n<td class=\"b-apple-tint-2\" style=\"text-align: center; font-weight: bold\">               9.0%             <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>       Source &#8211; RBC Capital Markets U.S. Equity Strategy, Bloomberg; periods of       positive performance shaded in green, periods with negative performance       shaded in red     <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>       Although the market remains vulnerable to additional volatility and       downside, these historical patterns demonstrate that the U.S. market       typically bottoms well before economic conditions improve, and often when       headlines and investor sentiment are still rather negative. This supports       our view that investors with long investment time horizons should maintain       long-term strategic asset allocations during this difficult period.     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Silicon Valley Bank collapse brought financial system stresses to the surface. We look at knock-on effects and economic and market implications.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":2674,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"rbcwm_post_date":"2023-03-16 00:00:00.0","editor_notices":[],"rbc_url_alias":"","rbcwm_featured_desktop_image_position":"","rbcwm_featured_mobile_image_position":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[73],"tags":[145,91,146],"rbcwm_content_owner":[607],"rbcwm_need":[84],"rbcwm_segment":[75,66],"rbcwm_solution":[],"rbcwm_topic":[74],"rbcwm_channel":[],"rbcwm_format":[],"class_list":["post-2672","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analysis","tag-asset-allocation","tag-rate-hikes","tag-recession","rbcwm_content_owner-pag","rbcwm_need-protect","rbcwm_segment-business-owners-and-entrepreneurs","rbcwm_segment-individuals-and-families","rbcwm_topic-global-insights"],"acf":{"rbcwm_subtitle":"The Silicon Valley Bank collapse brought financial system stresses to the surface. We look at knock-on effects and economic and market implications.","rbcwm_post_author":[1346],"rbcwm_custom_breadcrumb_text":"","rbcwm_custom_breadcrumb_link_url":"","rbcwm_disclaimers":{"add_disclosures":["Yes"],"perspective_disclaimer":"","expandable":[],"omit_from_pages":[],"disclaimer_footnote":""},"rbcwm_insight_cta_id":[11937],"rbcwm_pagination":{"next_link":"","next_link_text":"","previous_link":"","previous_link_text":""},"rbcwm_video_duration":"","article_time":"","rbcwm_enable_toc":false,"rbcwm_toc_selector":"h2"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.8 (Yoast SEO v26.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Could struggling banks drag down the economy?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Silicon Valley Bank collapse brought financial system stresses to the surface. 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