{"id":19579,"date":"2023-12-12T13:41:28","date_gmt":"2023-12-12T18:41:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rbcwealthmanagement.com\/fr-ca\/?p=19579"},"modified":"2025-06-25T09:57:14","modified_gmt":"2025-06-25T13:57:14","slug":"why-its-hard-to-talk-about-end-of-life-planning-and-how-to-take-the-first-step","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rbcwealthmanagement.com\/fr-ca\/insights\/why-its-hard-to-talk-about-end-of-life-planning-and-how-to-take-the-first-step","title":{"rendered":"Planification de fin de vie\u00a0: Pourquoi est-il si dur d\u2019en parler\u00a0? Comment peut-on l\u2019aborder\u00a0?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Les Canadiens ont du mal \u00e0 parler de planification de fin de vie, m\u00eame s\u2019ils reconnaissent l\u2019importance de la planification successorale. L\u2019absence de strat\u00e9gie concr\u00e8te et convenablement document\u00e9e peut embrouiller les finances d\u2019une personne et contraindre les tribunaux \u00e0 tenter d\u2019\u00e9claircir le patrimoine du d\u00e9funt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le National Institute on Ageing (NIA), en collaboration avec RBC&nbsp;Trust Royal, a produit <a href=\"\/insights\/estate-planning-report-reveals-many-canadians-are-not-prepared\">un rapport sur les opinions de la population canadienne en mati\u00e8re de planification successorale<\/a>. Selon ce rapport, fond\u00e9 sur les r\u00e9sultats d\u2019une enqu\u00eate&nbsp;Ipsos men\u00e9e en 2022 par RBC&nbsp;Trust&nbsp;Royal, neuf r\u00e9pondants sur dix (91&nbsp;%) consid\u00e8rent le testament comme un \u00e9l\u00e9ment essentiel d\u2019un plan successoral, et 86&nbsp;% des r\u00e9pondants estiment qu\u2019une procuration est tout aussi importante. Pourtant, \u00e0 peine le tiers des Canadiens (30&nbsp;%) disent avoir un plan successoral, et moins de la moiti\u00e9 de la population (48&nbsp;%) poss\u00e8de un testament.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour bien des gens, cette inaction s\u2019explique par un manque de connaissances sur la mani\u00e8re de commencer le processus, d\u2019apr\u00e8s <a href=\"\/people\/leanne-kaufman\">Leanne&nbsp;Kaufman<\/a>, pr\u00e9sidente et cheffe de la direction de RBC&nbsp;Trust&nbsp;Royal. Elle entend souvent les gens dire qu\u2019ils n\u2019ont pas assez d\u2019actifs pour une telle d\u00e9marche, que leur h\u00e9ritage est trop modeste ou qu\u2019ils sont trop jeunes pour commencer leur planification de fin de vie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On comprend aussi mal les cons\u00e9quences d\u2019un d\u00e9c\u00e8s sans testament officiel. \u00ab&nbsp;Quelle que soit l\u2019importance de votre succession, quelqu\u2019un devra sans doute se porter volontaire et s\u2019occuper de vos affaires, et ce, que vous ayez des actifs, des dettes ou les deux&nbsp;\u00bb, ajoute-t-elle. \u00ab&nbsp;Si vous n\u2019avez r\u00e9dig\u00e9 aucun testament<a href=\"\/insights\/on-vous-a-nomme-executeur-testamentaire-ce-que-vous-devez-savoir\"> ni d\u00e9sign\u00e9 aucun ex\u00e9cuteur testamentaire<\/a>, votre famille ou des amis devront se d\u00e9mener et entreprendre des proc\u00e9dures judiciaires pour obtenir le droit d\u2019intervenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ainsi donc, pourquoi les Canadiens ont-ils tant de mal \u00e0 discuter de leurs derni\u00e8res volont\u00e9s avec leurs proches&nbsp;? Michael&nbsp;Sherman, chef, \u00c9conomie comportementale \u00e0 RBC, r\u00e9pond que le report d\u2019une t\u00e2che \u00e0 accomplir est un trait bien humain, surtout si cette t\u00e2che concerne sa propre mortalit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-des-biais-inconscients-dans-la-planification-de-fin-de-vie\"><strong>Des biais inconscients dans la planification de fin de vie<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Selon M.&nbsp;Sherman, les gens pr\u00e9sument que leurs d\u00e9cisions reposent sur la logique et la rationalit\u00e9. \u00ab&nbsp;Ce n\u2019est pas toujours le cas&nbsp;\u00bb, indique-t-il. \u00ab&nbsp;La r\u00e9daction d\u2019un testament est l\u2019exemple parfait d\u2019une chose essentielle \u2013 la logique l\u2019exige \u2013, mais les gens ont l\u2019habitude de la reporter.&nbsp;\u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Derri\u00e8re les d\u00e9cisions que prennent les gens se trouvent des biais inconscients qui fa\u00e7onnent leur r\u00e9flexion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u2019apr\u00e8s M.&nbsp;Sherman, plusieurs de ces biais ont une incidence sur la planification de fin de vie, mais l\u2019un des plus communs s\u2019appelle la \u00ab&nbsp;distorsion du pr\u00e9sent&nbsp;\u00bb, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire l\u2019id\u00e9e de vivre dans le moment pr\u00e9sent. \u00ab&nbsp;Ce concept est le suivant&nbsp;: une personne devant choisir entre \u00e9pargner pour la retraite ou d\u00e9penser de l\u2019argent aujourd\u2019hui se dissocie en quelque sorte de son existence future&nbsp;\u00bb, explique-t-il. Pour s\u2019attaquer \u00e0 ce biais, les gens doivent reconna\u00eetre que leur personne actuelle et leur existence future ne forment qu\u2019une seule et m\u00eame entit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Parmi les autres obstacles, il y a aussi le biais de l\u2019aversion pour le risque, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire la propension d\u2019une personne \u00e0 \u00e9viter de prendre des d\u00e9cisions de crainte qu\u2019il en d\u00e9coule des pertes. \u00ab&nbsp;Quand les gens r\u00e9digent un testament, il y a in\u00e9vitablement des pertes. En effet, ils doivent payer pour sa pr\u00e9paration&nbsp;\u00bb, fait remarquer M.&nbsp;Sherman. \u00c0 son avis, la meilleure fa\u00e7on de contrer ce biais est de reconna\u00eetre qu\u2019il s\u2019agit d\u2019un document essentiel et qu\u2019il faudra payer les co\u00fbts associ\u00e9s \u00e0 sa cr\u00e9ation. Il vaut donc mieux le faire le plus t\u00f4t possible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le biais du statu&nbsp;quo peut constituer un autre facteur. \u00ab&nbsp;L\u2019inertie l\u2019emporte souvent\u2026 Si aucune situation accablante n\u2019exige des changements, les gens se contentent du pr\u00e9sent&nbsp;\u00bb, ajoute-t-il.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il faut une motivation. \u00ab&nbsp;Les gens doivent absolument comprendre les raisons sous-jacentes de la r\u00e9daction d\u2019un testament&nbsp;\u00bb, pr\u00e9cise M.&nbsp;Sherman. \u00ab&nbsp;Votre t\u00e2che consiste \u00e0 agir sans tarder. Ainsi, \u00e0 votre d\u00e9c\u00e8s, votre legs consistera \u00e0 avoir favoris\u00e9 une transition en douceur et sans anicroche afin d\u2019aider vos b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires et votre famille.&nbsp;\u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Chaque province ou territoire poss\u00e8de ses propres r\u00e8gles sur la r\u00e9partition des biens d\u2019un d\u00e9funt n\u2019ayant laiss\u00e9 aucun testament. Ces r\u00e8gles privil\u00e9gient souvent les structures familiales traditionnelles, ce qui peut poser probl\u00e8me si des proches du d\u00e9funt se trouvent \u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur de ce cadre. Un plan successoral permet d\u2019organiser les volont\u00e9s d\u2019une personne et de prot\u00e9ger les proches de celle-ci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-prendre-en-compte-la-situation-financiere-dans-son-ensemble\"><strong>Prendre en compte la situation financi\u00e8re dans son ensemble<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Une r\u00e9vision r\u00e9guli\u00e8re avec l\u2019aide d\u2019un conseiller en planification patrimoniale permet d\u2019approfondir la planification successorale. Selon Mme&nbsp;Kaufman, les gens devraient \u00e0 tout le moins avoir une procuration et un testament. \u00ab&nbsp;Ces deux \u00e9l\u00e9ments ne sont toutefois pas les seuls \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019un plan successoral&nbsp;\u00bb, dit-elle. Il ne s\u2019agit que des documents de base.&nbsp;\u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Un plan successoral global indique aussi de quelle mani\u00e8re coordonner la procuration et le testament avec d\u2019autres \u00e9l\u00e9ments financiers, comme les b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires d\u00e9sign\u00e9s, les r\u00e9gimes enregistr\u00e9s d\u2019\u00e9pargne-retraite (REER), les comptes d\u2019\u00e9pargne libre d\u2019imp\u00f4t (CELI) et les polices d\u2019assurance. \u00ab&nbsp;A-t-on mis en \u0153uvre des strat\u00e9gies de planification fiscale ou d\u2019homologation&nbsp;? Y a-t-il des fiducies familiales en jeu&nbsp;? Comme tous ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments sont interreli\u00e9s, ils peuvent avoir des cons\u00e9quences les uns sur les autres&nbsp;\u00bb, indique Mme&nbsp;Kaufman. \u00ab&nbsp;Il n\u2019est donc pas conseill\u00e9 de se concentrer sur un \u00e9l\u00e9ment seulement, sans tenir compte de ses effets sur l\u2019ensemble du plan.&nbsp;\u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Plus la situation est complexe, plus il est important que les particuliers demandent des conseils professionnels pour mieux prot\u00e9ger leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats. Ces conseillers, de l\u2019avis de M.&nbsp;Sherman, facilitent non seulement la planification, mais aident \u00e9galement les gens \u00e0 aborder la question avec les membres de leur famille qui seront touch\u00e9s par la planification de fin de vie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-comment-les-enfants-peuvent-ils-soulever-la-question-de-la-planification-successorale-aupres-de-leurs-parents-nbsp\"><strong>Comment les enfants peuvent-ils soulever la question de la planification successorale aupr\u00e8s de leurs parents&nbsp;?<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Certains adultes redoutent de demander \u00e0 leurs parents si ces derniers ont un testament, de crainte de donner l\u2019impression de s\u2019informer sur leur \u00e9ventuelle part d\u2019h\u00e9ritage, poursuit M.&nbsp;Sherman. Cet inconfort vaut toutefois mieux que les cons\u00e9quences potentielles de ne pas soulever la question, \u00e0 son avis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aux enfants cherchant \u00e0 aborder le sujet avec un parent, Mme&nbsp;Kaufman recommande d\u2019y aller avec un commentaire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, comme \u00ab&nbsp;J\u2019ai regard\u00e9 un webinaire (ou lu un article) et j\u2019ai constat\u00e9 que j\u2019ignore comment sont organis\u00e9es vos affaires&nbsp;\u00bb. Une telle observation peut donner lieu \u00e0 une discussion. \u00ab&nbsp;Les \u00e9changes doivent porter davantage sur la pr\u00e9paration logistique que sur la r\u00e9partition des biens&nbsp;\u00bb, d\u00e9clare Mme&nbsp;Kaufman.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Selon M.&nbsp;Sherman, le fait de discuter de la question et de s\u2019engager \u00e0 avoir un plan efficace permet aux gens de laisser un h\u00e9ritage sans probl\u00e9matique. L\u2019autre possibilit\u00e9 consiste \u00e0 l\u00e9guer un lourd fardeau. \u00ab&nbsp;Je ne souhaite \u00e0 personne de vivre les d\u00e9sagr\u00e9ments li\u00e9s au d\u00e9c\u00e8s d\u2019une personne sans testament.&nbsp;\u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-subheader\"><strong>Regardez la vid\u00e9o ci-dessous pour en savoir plus sur les conversations difficiles \u00e0 avoir avec votre famille au sujet de la planification successorale.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\t\t<!-- Start of Brightcove Player -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div style=\"display: block; position: relative; min-width: 0px; max-width: 640px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div style=\"padding-top: 56%; \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<video-js\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tid=\"6340372023112\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-video-id=\"6340372023112\" data-account=\"3187797751001\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-player=\"r00PT6QDgm\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-usage=\"cms:WordPress:6.9.4:2.8.8:javascript\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-embed=\"default\" class=\"video-js\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-application-id=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tcontrols   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tstyle=\"width: 100%; height: 360px; position: absolute; top: 0; bottom: 0; right: 0; left: 0;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/video-js>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<script src=\"https:\/\/players.brightcove.net\/3187797751001\/r00PT6QDgm_default\/index.min.js\"><\/script> \t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- End of Brightcove Player -->\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Savoir adopter une bonne attitude pour y puiser la motivation facilitant la planification successorale et la r\u00e9daction d\u2019un testament.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":19580,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"rbcwm_post_date":"","editor_notices":[],"rbc_url_alias":"","rbcwm_featured_desktop_image_position":"","rbcwm_featured_mobile_image_position":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[513],"tags":[664,667,666,665,668],"rbcwm_content_owner":[],"rbcwm_need":[548,547,552],"rbcwm_segment":[538],"rbcwm_solution":[550],"rbcwm_topic":[551],"rbcwm_channel":[],"rbcwm_format":[],"class_list":["post-19579","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-planification-successorale","tag-fin-de-vie","tag-planification-de-fin-de-vie","tag-planification-patrimoniale","tag-planification-successorale-au-canada","tag-procuration","rbcwm_need-dons-de-charite","rbcwm_need-preservation","rbcwm_need-vivre","rbcwm_segment-particuliers-et-familles","rbcwm_solution-planification-de-patrimoine","rbcwm_topic-votre-patrimoine"],"acf":{"rbcwm_subtitle":"Savoir adopter une bonne attitude pour y puiser la motivation facilitant la planification successorale et la r\u00e9daction d\u2019un testament.","rbcwm_post_author":"","rbcwm_custom_breadcrumb_text":"","rbcwm_custom_breadcrumb_link_url":"","rbcwm_disclaimers":{"add_disclosures":"","perspective_disclaimer":"","expandable":"","omit_from_pages":[],"disclaimer_footnote":""},"rbcwm_insight_cta_id":[10888],"rbcwm_pagination":{"next_link":"","next_link_text":"Next article","previous_link":"","previous_link_text":"Previous article"},"rbcwm_video_duration":"","article_time":"","rbcwm_enable_toc":false,"rbcwm_toc_selector":"h2"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.8 (Yoast SEO v26.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Planification de fin de vie\u00a0: Pourquoi est-il si dur d\u2019en parler\u00a0? 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